SDSU Faculty Profile - Dr. Victor M. Ponce - Oxidation pond design with Wilhelm-Werner chemical reaction equation

Dr. Victor Miguel Ponce

OXIDATION POND DESIGN WITH WILHELM-WERNER CHEMICAL REACTION EQUATION

The tables below show the BOD removal efficiency (percentage) of an oxidation pond, as a function of temperature T ( ^oC), dispersion number D (dimensionless), and hydraulic residence time t (days).
Temperature varies between 11 and 20 ^oC; hydraulic residence time varies between 0.5 and 500 days; dispersion number between 0.01 (plug flow) and 10 (mixed flow).
For example, for T= 15 ^oC, t= 20 days, and D= 0.1, the BOD removal efficiency is 81.57%. Note that BOD removal efficiency is very sensitive to hydraulic residence time t, somewhat sensitive to temperature T, and less sensitive to dispersion number D. The actual value of D is a function of temperature (kinematic viscosity), hydraulic residence time, and geometric characteristics of the pond (length and width).
Reference: Reed, S. C., R. W. Crites, and E. J. Middlebrooks. 1995. Natural Systems for Waste Management and Treatment, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.

Click -here- if you want to see these tables in graphical form.

Temperature T= 11 ^oC

t \ D

0.01

0.02

0.05

0.10

0.20

0.50

1.00

2.00

5.00

10.00

0.5

3.39

3.38

3.36

3.35

3.34

6.67

6.66

6.65

6.63

6.60

6.55

6.52

6.49

6.47

12.88

12.87

12.82

12.76

12.65

12.46

12.33

12.25

12.18

12.16

29.12

29.04

28.81

28.48

27.96

27.11

26.54

26.16

25.88

25.78

10.

49.64

49.42

48.80

47.91

46.58

44.44

43.04

42.08

41.38

41.12

20.

74.41

73.97

72.77

71.12

68.70

64.85

62.26

60.43

59.06

58.55

50.

96.47

96.11

95.12

93.69

91.43

87.34

84.12

81.52

79.36

78.50

100.

99.85

99.79

99.58

99.18

98.34

96.21

93.96

91.71

89.50

88.52

200.

100.00

99.99

99.97

99.86

99.32

98.39

97.09

95.40

94.49

500.

100.00

99.98

99.87

99.57

98.87

98.29

Temperature= 12 ^oC

t \ D 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00 10.00

0.5 3.69 3.69 3.69 3.68 3.67 3.66 3.64 3.64 3.63 3.63

1. 7.25 7.24 7.23 7.20 7.17 7.11 7.07 7.04 7.02 7.01

2. 13.96 13.94 13.89 13.81 13.68 13.46 13.31 13.21 13.14 13.11

5. 31.27 31.18 30.92 30.54 29.95 28.98 28.34 27.90 27.58 27.47

10. 52.63 52.38 51.70 50.72 49.25 46.90 45.36 44.30 43.53 43.25

20. 77.32 76.86 75.61 73.89 71.37 67.34 64.62 62.68 61.22 60.67

50. 97.36 97.04 96.16 94.85 92.76 88.85 85.69 83.08 80.88 79.99

100. 99.91 99.87 99.72 99.41 98.71 96.84 94.76 92.61 90.44 89.46

200. 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.98 99.90 99.47 98.67 97.50 95.90 95.01

500. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.98 99.90 99.66 99.03 98.49

Temperature= 13 ^oC

t \ D 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00 10.00

0.5 4.02 4.02 4.01 4.01 3.99 3.97 3.96 3.95 3.95 3.94

1. 7.87 7.87 7.85 7.82 7.78 7.71 7.66 7.63 7.60 7.59

2. 15.11 15.09 15.03 14.94 14.79 14.53 14.36 14.24 14.16 14.13

5. 33.54 33.44 33.14 32.71 32.04 30.94 30.21 29.72 29.36 29.23

10. 55.69 55.41 54.65 53.58 51.97 49.41 47.72 46.56 45.71 45.40

20. 80.12 79.64 78.34 76.57 73.96 69.78 66.94 64.89 63.34 62.76

50. 98.07 97.80 97.03 95.86 93.94 90.24 87.16 84.55 82.33 81.42

100. 99.95 99.92 99.82 99.58 99.02 97.39 95.49 93.45 91.32 90.33

200. 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.99 99.93 99.59 98.92 97.86 96.36 95.49

500. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.99 99.93 99.73 99.18 98.68

Temperature= 14 ^oC

t \ D 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00 10.00

0.5 4.37 4.37 4.36 4.36 4.34 4.32 4.30 4.29 4.29 4.28

1. 8.55 8.54 8.52 8.49 8.44 8.36 8.30 8.26 8.23 8.22

2. 16.35 16.33 16.25 16.15 15.97 15.68 15.48 15.34 15.25 15.21

5. 35.93 35.81 35.47 34.98 34.22 32.98 32.17 31.61 31.20 31.06

10. 58.80 58.49 57.65 56.48 54.73 51.94 50.11 48.84 47.92 47.57

20. 82.76 82.27 80.95 79.13 76.47 72.17 69.21 67.06 65.42 64.80

50. 98.63 98.40 97.74 96.71 94.97 91.51 88.53 85.95 83.70 82.77

100. 99.97 99.96 99.88 99.71 99.26 97.86 96.13 94.21 92.14 91.15

200. 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.99 99.96 99.69 99.12 98.18 96.77 95.93

500. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.99 99.95 99.79 99.30 98.84

Temperature= 15 ^oC

t \ D 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00 10.00

0.5 4.76 4.75 4.75 4.74 4.72 4.69 4.68 4.66 4.65 4.65

1. 9.28 9.27 9.25 9.21 9.15 9.05 8.99 8.94 8.91 8.90

2. 17.68 17.65 17.57 17.44 17.24 16.90 16.67 16.51 16.40 16.36

5. 38.44 38.30 37.91 37.36 36.50 35.11 34.19 33.56 33.11 32.95

10. 61.93 61.59 60.68 59.41 57.51 54.50 52.52 51.14 50.13 49.76

20. 85.24 84.75 83.41 81.57 78.87 74.48 71.42 69.17 67.46 66.80

50. 99.05 98.87 98.31 97.43 95.87 92.66 89.80 87.26 85.00 84.05

100. 99.99 99.98 99.93 99.80 99.45 98.26 96.71 94.90 92.89 91.92

200. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.97 99.77 99.30 98.46 97.15 96.34

500. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.96 99.83 99.41 98.99

Temperature= 16 ^oC

t \ D 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00 10.00

0.5 5.17 5.17 5.16 5.15 5.13 5.10 5.08 5.06 5.05 5.05

1. 10.07 10.06 10.03 9.99 9.92 9.81 9.73 9.67 9.63 9.62

2. 19.11 19.08 18.98 18.83 18.59 18.20 17.94 17.76 17.63 17.58

5. 41.05 40.90 40.46 39.83 38.87 37.31 36.29 35.59 35.08 34.89

10. 65.07 64.70 63.72 62.34 60.31 57.07 54.94 53.45 52.35 51.95

20. 87.54 87.04 85.71 83.87 81.16 76.71 73.57 71.23 69.43 68.75

50. 99.37 99.22 98.77 98.01 96.65 93.70 90.97 88.48 86.22 85.26

100. 99.99 99.99 99.96 99.87 99.59 98.60 97.21 95.53 93.59 92.63

200. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.98 99.83 99.44 98.71 97.49 96.71

500. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.97 99.87 99.51 99.12

Temperature= 17 ^oC

t \ D 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00 10.00

0.5 5.62 5.62 5.61 5.60 5.58 5.54 5.51 5.50 5.48 5.48

1. 10.93 10.91 10.88 10.83 10.75 10.61 10.52 10.46 10.41 10.40

2. 20.64 20.60 20.48 20.31 20.04 19.58 19.28 19.07 18.92 18.87

5. 43.78 43.60 43.11 42.40 41.33 39.59 38.45 37.67 37.10 36.89

10. 68.19 67.80 66.74 65.26 63.09 59.64 57.36 55.76 54.57 54.13

20. 89.62 89.14 87.82 86.01 83.32 78.84 75.64 73.23 71.35 70.63

50. 99.59 99.48 99.12 98.49 97.31 94.63 92.04 89.62 87.37 86.40

100. 100.00 99.99 99.98 99.91 99.71 98.88 97.66 96.10 94.24 93.29

200. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.99 99.88 99.56 98.92 97.80 97.05

500. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.98 99.90 99.59 99.24

Temperature= 18 ^oC

t \ D 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00 10.00

0.5 6.11 6.11 6.10 6.08 6.06 6.01 5.98 5.96 5.95 5.94

1. 11.85 11.83 11.79 11.74 11.64 11.48 11.38 11.30 11.25 11.23

2. 22.27 22.22 22.08 21.89 21.57 21.05 20.70 20.46 20.29 20.23

5. 46.60 46.40 45.85 45.06 43.86 41.93 40.67 39.80 39.17 38.94

10. 71.27 70.85 69.72 68.16 65.86 62.20 59.77 58.05 56.78 56.31

20. 91.50 91.03 89.75 87.99 85.34 80.88 77.63 75.16 73.21 72.45

50. 99.74 99.66 99.38 98.87 97.86 95.45 93.03 90.69 88.45 87.47

100. 100.00 100.00 99.99 99.94 99.79 99.12 98.04 96.61 94.83 93.90

200. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.99 99.91 99.65 99.11 98.08 97.37

500. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.99 99.92 99.66 99.34

Temperature= 19 ^oC

t \ D 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00 10.00

0.5 6.64 6.64 6.63 6.61 6.58 6.53 6.49 6.47 6.45 6.44

1. 12.84 12.82 12.78 12.71 12.60 12.42 12.29 12.21 12.14 12.12

2. 24.00 23.95 23.79 23.56 23.20 22.60 22.20 21.93 21.73 21.66

5. 49.51 49.29 48.67 47.80 46.47 44.34 42.94 41.98 41.29 41.03

10. 74.28 73.84 72.65 71.00 68.58 64.74 62.16 60.33 58.97 58.46

20. 93.15 92.70 91.49 89.79 87.21 82.81 79.54 77.01 75.00 74.21

50. 99.84 99.78 99.58 99.17 98.32 96.18 93.92 91.67 89.46 88.48

100. 100.00 100.00 99.99 99.97 99.85 99.31 98.38 97.07 95.38 94.46

200. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.94 99.73 99.26 98.33 97.65

500. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.99 99.94 99.72 99.44

Temperature= 20 ^oC

t \ D 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00 10.00

0.5 7.22 7.22 7.20 7.18 7.14 7.08 7.04 7.01 6.99 6.98

1. 13.91 13.89 13.84 13.76 13.63 13.41 13.27 13.17 13.10 13.07

2. 25.85 25.79 25.61 25.35 24.93 24.24 23.78 23.47 23.25 23.16

5. 52.50 52.25 51.57 50.60 49.14 46.79 45.26 44.21 43.44 43.16

10. 77.20 76.74 75.49 73.77 71.25 67.23 64.52 62.58 61.13 60.58

20. 94.58 94.17 93.03 91.41 88.94 84.63 81.36 78.79 76.71 75.89

50. 99.91 99.87 99.72 99.40 98.70 96.81 94.73 92.58 90.40 89.42

100. 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.98 99.90 99.46 98.66 97.48 95.88 94.98

200. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.96 99.79 99.40 98.56 97.92

500. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.99 99.96 99.77 99.52

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